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1.
ABC., imagem cardiovasc ; 36(3 supl. 1): 17-17, jul.-set., 2023.
Article in Portuguese | CONASS, Sec. Est. Saúde SP, SESSP-IDPCPROD, Sec. Est. Saúde SP | ID: biblio-1518543

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: A avaliação e quantificação das dimensões e função das câmaras cardíacas direitas pelo ecocardiograma auxilia no diagnóstico e prognóstico de várias situações clinicas; seus valores de referência, no entanto, refletem as características antropométricas da população estudada. OBJETIVO: analisar prospectivamente exames ecocardiográficos bidimensionais de indivíduos normais das diversas regiões brasileiras para a determinação de valores de referência de câmaras direitas. MÉTODO: Ecocardiogramas de indivíduos de ambos sexos, > 18 anos, sem doença cardíaca, sistêmica ou fatores de risco cardiovascular foram obtidos em centros das 5 regiões do Brasil e analisados offline (Ultrasound Workspace- Tomtec- Phillips) para avaliação de medidas das câmaras cardíacas direitas e função ventricular direita (VD): variação fracional da área (FAC) do VD, TAPSE, s­ do VD e strain longitudinal (SL) do VD (global e parede livre) por speckle tracking. Foram analisadas as diferenças entre os sexos pelo teste t não pareado de Student. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 445 indivíduos, com idade de 42+ 15 anos, 56% do sexo feminino, sendo excluídos 40 por imagem/dados inadequados; As medidas ecocardiográficas foram realizadas em 147 indivíduos e mostraram maiores dimensões de câmaras direitas para o sexo masculino (p<0.001); para parâmetros funcionais, apenas o FAC mostrou diferença significativa entre os grupos, sendo maior para o sexo feminino (p = 0.04); os demais parâmetros funcionais ( TAPSE, S­ VD, e SGL e de parede livre do VD) foram similares para ambos os sexos . CONCLUSÃO: Resultados preliminares da população brasileira sugerem parâmetros estruturais com maiores dimensões de câmaras direitas para o sexo masculino, o que infere que esses dados devam ser indexados para a superfície corpórea. Parâmetros funcionais, por outro lado, parecem sofrer pouca influência do sexo.


Subject(s)
Echocardiography
3.
Rev Port Cardiol ; 42(2): 149-155, 2023 02.
Article in English, Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36470575

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is crucial in order to assess aortic anatomy after stroke. Although routinely used to assess cardiovascular anatomy and function, three-dimensional echocardiography (3D TEE) is less used for aortic evaluation. We thus sought to assess prospectively whether additional information on aortic plaque morphology could be obtained with 3D TEE after an ischemic stroke. METHODS: Patients within one week of a stroke (confirmed by brain computed tomography/magnetic resonance) underwent TEE and 3D findings were compared with two-dimensional (2D) (aorta plaque number, dimensions, area and the presence of debris and ulcerations). Patients were followed for two years for death or a new stroke. RESULTS: We assessed 78 patients, 43 (55%) male, aged 62±14 years old, 92% in sinus rhythm. Aortic atheroma was found mainly in the descending aorta (50%); plaque thickness was similar for 2D TEE (0.29±0.03 cm) and 3D TEE (0.29±0.04 cm), whereas plaque area was slightly increased for 3D measurements (0.24±0.02 cm2 versus 0.37±0.03 cm2 respectively, p<0.05), with a strong correlation found both for aortic plaque thickness (r=0.91) and area (r=0.80) measurements. While aortic debris were equally seen with both techniques, 3D TEE defines the presence of ulcerations (six ulcerations unseen with 2D TEE better, p=0.03). There were 11 events (six deaths and five new strokes) during follow-up, unrelated to plaque characteristics. CONCLUSION: To evaluate aortic plaque morphology, 3D TEE is superior to 2D TEE due to improved detection of ulcerated aortic plaque; this might provide additional information in patients after ischemic stroke.


Subject(s)
Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional , Ischemic Stroke , Plaque, Atherosclerotic , Stroke , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Aged , Female , Plaque, Atherosclerotic/diagnostic imaging , Echocardiography, Transesophageal/methods , Aorta , Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional/methods , Reproducibility of Results
4.
Front Cardiovasc Med ; 9: 991016, 2022.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36312230

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Heart transplantation represents main therapy for end-stage heart failure. However, survival after transplantation is limited by development of graft rejection. Endomyocardial biopsy, an invasive and expensive procedure, is gold standard technique for diagnosis of rejection. Most of biopsy complications are observed using echocardiography. Novel echocardiographic techniques, such as myocardial strain and three-dimensional reconstruction, can be useful in heart transplant patients. Purpose: To evaluate ventricular strain in heart transplant patients and association with rejection, cellular or humoral, as well as two- and three-dimensional echocardiographic parameters. Methods: Cohort of patients from heart transplant program taken to echocardiography after endomyocardial biopsy, from December 2017 to January 2020. Ventricular strain and three-dimensional left ventricle parameters were studied. Rejection results were retrieved from medical record. Qualitative variables were expressed by absolute frequency and percentages, while continuous variables by means and standard deviations. Association between rejection and variables of interest was measured by odds ratio and confidence interval of 95%, with p-value < 0.05. Results: 123 post-endomyocardial biopsy echocardiographic exams were performed in 54 patients. Eighteen exams were excluded, lasting 105 exams to be evaluated for conventional and advanced echocardiographic parameters. Male patients were 60.4%. Prevalence of cellular rejection was 8.6%, humoral rejection 12.4%, and rejection of any type 20%. There was no association between right ventricular strain and rejection, whether cellular (p = 0.118 and p = 0.227 for septum and free wall, respectively), humoral (p = 0.845 and p = 0.283, respectively), or of any type (0.504 and 0.446). There was no correlation between rejection and left ventricle global longitudinal strain, three-dimensional ejection fraction or desynchrony index. Conventional parameters associated to rejection were left ventricle posterior wall thickness [OR 1.660 (1.163; 2.370), p = 0.005] and left ventricle mass index [OR 1.027 (1.011; 1.139), p = 0.001]. Left ventricle posterior wall thickness remained significant after analysis of cellular and humoral rejection separately [OR 1.825 (1.097; 3.036), p = 0.021 and OR 1.650 (1.028; 2.648), p = 0.038, respectively]. Conclusions: There was no association between ventricular strain, three-dimensional left ventricular ejection fraction and the desynchrony index and rejection, cellular or humoral. Evidence of association of graft rejection with left ventricle posterior wall thickness and left ventricle mass index was observed.

5.
J Clin Ultrasound ; 50(5): 604-610, 2022 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35355290

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: There is a paucity of information about Brazilian COVID-19 in-hospital mortality probability of death combining risk factors. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to correlate COVID-19 Brazilian in-hospital patients' mortality to demographic aspects, biomarkers, tomographic, echocardiographic findings, and clinical events. METHODS: A prospective study, single tertiary center in Brazil, consecutive patients hospitalized with COVID-19. We analyzed the data from 111 patients from March to August 2020, performed a complete transthoracic echocardiogram, chest thoracic tomographic (CT) studies, collected biomarkers and correlated to in-hospital mortality. RESULTS: Mean age of the patients: 67 ± 17 years old, 65 (58.5%) men, 29 (26%) presented with systemic arterial hypertension, 18 (16%) with diabetes, 11 (9.9%) with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. There was need for intubation and mechanical ventilation of 48 (43%) patients, death occurred in 21/111 (18.9%) patients. Multiple logistic regression models correlated variables with mortality: age (OR: 1.07; 95% CI 1.02-1.12; p: 0.012; age >74 YO AUC ROC curve: 0.725), intubation need (OR: 23.35; 95% CI 4.39-124.36; p < 0.001), D dimer (OR: 1.39; 95% CI 1.02-1.89; p: 0.036; value >1928.5 ug/L AUC ROC curve: 0.731), C-reactive protein (OR: 1.18; 95% CI 1.05-1.32; p < 0.005; value >29.35 mg/dl AUC ROC curve: 0.836). A risk score was created to predict intrahospital probability of death, by the equation: 3.6 (age >75 YO) + 66 (intubation need) + 28 (C-reactive protein >29) + 2.2 (D dimer >1900). CONCLUSIONS: A novel and original risk score were developed to predict the probability of death in Covid 19 in-hospital patients concerning combined risk factors.


Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Hospital Mortality , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Biomarkers , Brazil/epidemiology , C-Reactive Protein , COVID-19/diagnosis , COVID-19/mortality , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prognosis , Prospective Studies , ROC Curve , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors
8.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 113(5): 915-922, Nov. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1055038

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background: Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS), found in cirrhotic patients, has been little studied in hepatosplenic schistosomiasis (HSS) and includes the occurrence of intrapulmonary vascular dilatations (IPVD). Contrast transesophageal echocardiography (cTEE) with microbubbles is more sensitive than contrast transthoracic echocardiography (cTTE) with microbubbles in the detection of IPVD in cirrhosis. Objective: To assess the performance of the cTEE, compared with that of cTTE, in detecting IPVD for the diagnosis of HPS in patients with HSS. Methods: cTEE and cTTE for investigation of IPVD and laboratory tests were performed in 22 patients with HSS. Agitated saline solution was injected in peripheral vein during the cTEE and cTTE procedures. Late appearance of the microbubbles in the left chambers indicated the presence of IPVD. Results of the two methods were compared by the Student's t-test and the chi-square test (p < 0.05). Results: cTEE was performed in all patients without complications. Three patients were excluded due to the presence of patent foramen ovale (PFO). The presence of IPVD was confirmed in 13 (68%) of 19 patients according to the cTEE and in only six (32%, p < 0.01) according to the cTTE. No significant differences in clinical or laboratory data were found between the groups with and without IPVD, including the alveolar-arterial gradient. The diagnosis of HPS (presence of IPVD with changes in the arterial blood gas analysis) was made in five patients by the cTEE and in only one by the cTTE (p = 0.09). Conclusion: In HSS patients, cTEE was safe and superior to cTTE in detecting IPVD and allowed the exclusion of PFO.


Resumo Fundamento: A síndrome hepatopulmonar (SHP), presente em pacientes cirróticos, é pouco estudada na esquistossomose hepatoesplênica (EHE) e inclui a ocorrência de dilatações vasculares intrapulmonares (DVP). O ecocardiograma transesofágico com contraste (ETEc) de microbolhas é mais sensível que o ecocardiograma transtorácico com contraste (ETTc) de microbolhas na identificação de DVP na cirrose. Objetivo: Avaliar o desempenho do ETEc comparado ao ETTc na identificação de DVP para diagnóstico de SHP em pacientes com EHE. Métodos: Incluímos 22 pacientes com EHE submetidos a ETEc e ETTc para pesquisa de DVP, além de exames laboratoriais. Os ETEc e ETTc foram realizados empregando-se solução salina agitada, injetada em veia periférica. A visualização tardia das microbolhas em câmaras esquerdas indicava presença de DVP. Os resultados foram comparados entre os dois métodos pelos testes t de Stu dent e qui-quadrado (significância p < 0,05). Resultados: Todos os 22 pacientes realizaram ETEc sem intercorrências. Foram excluídos três pela presença de forame oval patente (FOP), e a análise final foi realizada nos outros 19. A DVP esteve presente ao ETEc em 13 pacientes (68%) e em apenas seis ao ETTc (32%, p < 0,01). Não houve diferenças significativas nos dados clínicos e laboratoriais entre os grupos com e sem DVP, incluindo a diferença alveoloarterial de oxigênio. O diagnóstico de SHP (presença de DVP com alterações gasométricas) ocorreu em cinco pacientes pelo ETEc e em apenas um pelo ETTc (p = 0,09). Conclusão: Em pacientes com EHE, o ETEc foi seguro e superior ao ETTc na detecção de DVP não identificada ao ETTc, o que possibilitou adicionalmente excluir FOP.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Schistosomiasis/diagnostic imaging , Splenic Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Echocardiography/methods , Echocardiography, Transesophageal/methods , Dilatation, Pathologic/diagnostic imaging , Liver Diseases, Parasitic/diagnostic imaging , Sensitivity and Specificity , Contrast Media , Hepatopulmonary Syndrome/diagnosis , Hepatopulmonary Syndrome/diagnostic imaging , Microbubbles , Foramen Ovale, Patent/diagnosis
9.
Arq Bras Cardiol ; 113(5): 915-922, 2019 11.
Article in English, Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31596323

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS), found in cirrhotic patients, has been little studied in hepatosplenic schistosomiasis (HSS) and includes the occurrence of intrapulmonary vascular dilatations (IPVD). Contrast transesophageal echocardiography (cTEE) with microbubbles is more sensitive than contrast transthoracic echocardiography (cTTE) with microbubbles in the detection of IPVD in cirrhosis. OBJECTIVE: To assess the performance of the cTEE, compared with that of cTTE, in detecting IPVD for the diagnosis of HPS in patients with HSS. METHODS: cTEE and cTTE for investigation of IPVD and laboratory tests were performed in 22 patients with HSS. Agitated saline solution was injected in peripheral vein during the cTEE and cTTE procedures. Late appearance of the microbubbles in the left chambers indicated the presence of IPVD. Results of the two methods were compared by the Student's t-test and the chi-square test (p < 0.05). RESULTS: cTEE was performed in all patients without complications. Three patients were excluded due to the presence of patent foramen ovale (PFO). The presence of IPVD was confirmed in 13 (68%) of 19 patients according to the cTEE and in only six (32%, p < 0.01) according to the cTTE. No significant differences in clinical or laboratory data were found between the groups with and without IPVD, including the alveolar-arterial gradient. The diagnosis of HPS (presence of IPVD with changes in the arterial blood gas analysis) was made in five patients by the cTEE and in only one by the cTTE (p = 0.09). CONCLUSION: In HSS patients, cTEE was safe and superior to cTTE in detecting IPVD and allowed the exclusion of PFO.


Subject(s)
Dilatation, Pathologic/diagnostic imaging , Echocardiography, Transesophageal/methods , Echocardiography/methods , Liver Diseases, Parasitic/diagnostic imaging , Schistosomiasis/diagnostic imaging , Splenic Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Adult , Aged , Contrast Media , Female , Foramen Ovale, Patent/diagnosis , Hepatopulmonary Syndrome/diagnosis , Hepatopulmonary Syndrome/diagnostic imaging , Humans , Male , Microbubbles , Middle Aged , Sensitivity and Specificity
10.
ABC., imagem cardiovasc ; 32(2): 103-108, abr.-junh. 2019.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-994677

ABSTRACT

Introdução: O ecocardiograma transesofágico é um exame amplamente utilizado na prática clínica para investigação e diagnóstico de doenças cardíacas e não cardíacas. Apesar de seguro, trata-se de exame semi-invasivo e não isento de ris-cos. Casos de infecção associados ao ecocardiograma tran-sesofágico foram descritos e, devido ao potencial risco de transmissão de infecção durante sua realização, o objetivo deste trabalho foi revisar dados da literatura referentes à transmissão de infecção durante a realização do exame, bem como os métodos de prevenção. Métodos: Revisão de literatura sobre o tema realizada entre dezembro de 2017 e janeiro de 2018, por meio de pesquisa em portais científicos de domínio público, nas diferentes bases de dados de ciências da saúde, que incluíram artigos originais, diretrizes, revisões simples e sistemática, e relatos de casos, publicados em periódicos indexados nos últimos 20 anos. Resultados: Preencheram os critérios estabelecidos 13 artigos: uma re-visão sistemática sobre complicações associadas ao ecocar-diograma transesofágico, seis artigos que descreveram surtos bacterianos relacionados ao ecocardiograma transesofágico, a diretriz britânica sobre limpeza e desinfecção para sondas de ecocardiografia transesofágica, quatro artigos sobre reações adversas a resíduos de ortoftaldeído em sondas de ecocardiograma transesofágico e um artigo referente ao uso de capas protetoras para as sondas. Conclusão: O risco de infecção associado ao ecocardiograma transesofágico existe, apesar de pouco descrito na literatura. É recomendado o es-tabelecimento de protocolos específicos de desinfecção das sondas de ecocardiograma transesofágico e inspeção rotinei-ra das sondas. O fortalecimento das equipes de controle de infecção também é essencial para a detecção e a resolução de surtos relacionados ao ecocardiograma transesofágico


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Disinfection/methods , Echocardiography, Transesophageal/drug effects , Echocardiography, Transesophageal/methods , Infections , Environmental Pollution/prevention & control , Risk Factors , Review , Guidelines as Topic/standards , Prospecting Probe , Diagnosis
11.
ABC., imagem cardiovasc ; 31(3)jul.-set. 2018. ilus, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-909374

ABSTRACT

A Sociedade Brasileira de Anestesiologia, pelo Núcleo Vida de Ecocardiografia Transesofágica Intraoperatória (ETTI/SBA) juntamente com o Departamento de Imagem Cardiovascular da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia (DIC/SBC), fez uma força-tarefa para normatizar a feitura da ecocardiografia transesofágica intraoperatória para os anestesiologistas e ecocardiografistas brasileiros com base nas evidências científicas da Sociedade dos Anestesiologistas Cardiovasculares/Sociedade Americana de Ecocardiografia (SCA/ASE) e da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia


Subject(s)
Humans , Anesthesiology/methods , Anesthesiology/standards , Echocardiography, Transesophageal/methods , Echocardiography, Transesophageal/standards , Aortic Valve , Brazil , Esophagus , Evidence-Informed Policy , Guidelines as Topic/standards , Heart , Heart Atria , Heart Ventricles , Hemodynamic Monitoring/methods , Mitral Valve , Prospecting Probe , Pulmonary Artery , Thoracic Surgery/methods , Tricuspid Valve
12.
Braz. J. Anesth. (Impr.) ; 68(1): 1-32, Fev. 2018. graf, ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | CONASS, Sec. Est. Saúde SP, SESSP-IDPCPROD, Sec. Est. Saúde SP | ID: biblio-1284266

ABSTRACT

RESUMO: A Sociedade Brasileira de Anestesiologia, pelo Núcleo Vida de Ecocardiografia Transesofágica Intraoperatória (ETTI/SBA) juntamente com o Departamento de Imagem Cardiovascular da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia (DIC/SBC), fez uma força-tarefa para normatizar a feitura da ecocardiografia transesofágica intraoperatória para os anestesiologistas e ecocardiografistas brasileiros com base nas evidências científicas da Sociedade dos Anestesiologistas Cardiovasculares/Sociedade Americana de Ecocardiografia (SCA/ASE) e da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia.


ABSTRACT: Through the Life Cycle of Intraoperative Transesophageal Echocardiography (ETTI/SBA) the Brazilian Society of Anesthesiology, together with the Department of Cardiovascular Image of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology (DIC/SBC), createded a task force to standardize the use of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography by Brazilian anesthesiologists and echocardiographers based on scientific evidence from the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists/American Society of Echocardiography (SCA/ASE) and the Brazilian Society of Cardiology.


Subject(s)
Preoperative Care , Echocardiography, Transesophageal , Anesthesiology
13.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 68(1): 1-32, Jan.-Feb. 2018. tab, graf, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, Sec. Est. Saúde SP, SESSP-IDPCPROD, Sec. Est. Saúde SP | ID: biblio-897812

ABSTRACT

RESUMO A Sociedade Brasileira de Anestesiologia, pelo Núcleo Vida de Ecocardiografia Transe-sofágica Intraoperatória (ETTI/SBA) juntamente com o Departamento de Imagem Cardiovascularda Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia (DIC/SBC), fez uma forc ̧a-tarefa para normatizar afeitura da ecocardiografia transesofágica intraoperatória para os anestesiologistas e ecocar-diografistas brasileiros com base nas evidências científicas da Sociedade dos AnestesiologistasCardiovasculares/Sociedade Americana de Ecocardiografia (SCA/ASE) e da Sociedade Brasileirade Cardiologia.


ABSTRACT Through the Life Cycle of Intraoperative Transesophageal Echocardiography(ETTI/SBA) the Brazilian Society of Anesthesiology, together with the Department of Cardi-ovascular Image of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology (DIC/SBC), createded a task force tostandardize the use of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography by Brazilian anesthesi-ologists and echocardiographers based on scientific evidence from the Society of CardiovascularAnesthesiologists/American Society of Echocardiography (SCA/ASE) and the Brazilian Society ofCardiology.


Subject(s)
Humans , Echocardiography, Transesophageal/standards , Heart/diagnostic imaging , Cardiac Surgical Procedures , Intraoperative Care , Echocardiography, Transesophageal/adverse effects , Echocardiography, Transesophageal/methods
14.
Braz J Anesthesiol ; 68(1): 1-32, 2018.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28867150

ABSTRACT

Through the Life Cycle of Intraoperative Transesophageal Echocardiography (ETTI/SBA) the Brazilian Society of Anesthesiology, together with the Department of Cardiovascular Image of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology (DIC/SBC), createded a task force to standardize the use of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography by Brazilian anesthesiologists and echocardiographers based on scientific evidence from the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists/American Society of Echocardiography (SCA/ASE) and the Brazilian Society of Cardiology.


Subject(s)
Cardiac Surgical Procedures , Echocardiography, Transesophageal/standards , Heart/diagnostic imaging , Intraoperative Care/standards , Echocardiography, Transesophageal/adverse effects , Echocardiography, Transesophageal/methods , Humans
15.
Rev. Soc. Cardiol. Estado de Säo Paulo ; 27(4): 307-312, out.-dez. 2017. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-879522

ABSTRACT

As complicações cardiovasculares relacionadas com o tratamento contra o câncer têm grande impacto na morbidade e mortalidade desta população em questão. O reconhecimento precoce da cardiotoxicidade e o início de cardioproteção são fundamentais para melhor prognóstico desses pacientes. Os critérios para definir e monitorar a presença de toxicidade cardíaca relacionada com o tratamento contra o câncer incluem parâmetros clínicos, laboratoriais e métodos de diagnóstico por imagem. Sinais e sintomas clínicos, apesar de importantes, ocorrem tardiamente. O uso de biomarcadores cardíacos, em especial a troponina I, pode ser considerado para a detecção precoce de cardiotoxicidade. Entre os principais métodos de diagnóstico por imagem, o ecocardiograma tem sido a opção mais utilizada. O principal parâmetro ecocardiográfico envolvido ainda é a fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo que, apesar de importante fator prognóstico, frequentemente falha na detecção precoce de cardiotoxicidade. Nesse contexto, a análise da deformação miocárdica pelo speckle tracking bidimensional tem demonstrado importante papel no diagnóstico precoce e subclínico de cardiotoxicidade. A avaliação da função sistólica do ventrículo esquerdo por meio da medicina nuclear é altamente reprodutível e especialmente útil em pacientes com definição ecocardiográ- fica inadequada. Esse método apresenta, entretanto, desvantagens como a exposição do paciente à radioatividade e a limitação na identificação de outras anormalidades cardíacas estruturais associadas. A ressonância magnética cardíaca é considerada o método padrão de referência para a avaliação dos volumes, massa e fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo, sendo ferramenta muito útil nos pacientes em tratamento quimioterápico, especialmente ao incluir o estudo de realce tardio. Entretanto, essa técnica tem baixa disponibilidade e alto custo


The cardiovascular complications related to cancer treatment have an important impact on the morbidity and mortality of this population in question. Early recognition of cardiotoxicity and the start of cardioprotection are fundamental for the best prognosis of these patients. The criteria for defining and monitoring the presence of cardiotoxicity related to cancer treatment involve clinical parameters, laboratory indices, and diagnostic imaging methods. Although important, the clinical signs and symptoms occur later. The use of cardiac biomarkers, especially troponin I, may be considered for early detection of cardiotoxicity. Among the main diagnostic imaging methods, echocardiography has been the most widely used option. The main echocardiographic parameter involved is still left ventricular ejection fraction, which, although an important prognostic factor, frequently failed to detect early cardiotoxicity. In this context, evaluation of myocardial deformation by two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography has demonstrated an important role in the early and subclinical diagnosis of cardiotoxicity. Evaluation of left ventricular systolic function through nuclear medicine is highly reproducible, and is especially useful in patients with inadequate echocardiographic image. However, this method has disadvantages, such as exposure of the patient to radioactivity, and is limited in the identification of other associated structural cardiac abnormalities. Cardiac magnetic resonance is considered the gold standard for evaluating volumes, mass, and left ventricular ejection fraction, and is a very useful method in patients undergoing chemotherapy, especially as it includes the study of the late enhancement. However, this technique has low availability and high cost


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Cardiology , Biomarkers , Diagnosis , Neoplasms/physiopathology , Stroke Volume , Diagnostic Imaging , Echocardiography/methods , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods , Cardiovascular Diseases/physiopathology , Sex Factors , Risk Factors , Age Factors , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/diagnosis , Drug Therapy/methods , Cardiotoxicity/mortality
16.
ABC., imagem cardiovasc ; 30(3): f:92-l:97, jul.-set. 2017. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-848728

ABSTRACT

Introdução: A ecocardiografia é fundamental na distinção entre adaptações fisiológicas promovidas pela atividade física e alterações patológicas. O ecocardiograma tridimensional com speckle tracking (3DSTeco) poderia mostrar-se acurado para a detecção de alterações subclínicas da função cardíaca. Objetivos: Determinar o efeito do exercício nos parâmetros da deformação miocárdica em atletas, por meio do 3DSTeco. Método: Realizado ecocardiograma convencional, ecocardiograma tridimensional (3Deco) e 3DSTeco em boxeadores de elite, para análise dos volumes do ventrículo esquerdo (VE), índice de massa indexada à superfície corpórea (IMISC), fração de ejeção (FE), strain global longitudinal (GLS), strain global circunferencial (GCS), strain global radial (GRS), twist, torção e área tracking. Estes dados foram comparados com medidas efetuadas em indivíduos controle não treinados. Resultados: Analisados 16 atletas e 14 controles, com idade (23 ± 4 vs 21 ± 4 anos; p = NS) e sexo (14 vs 12 homens) similares. A FE do VE foi normal e semelhante nos 2 grupos. O IMISC foi maior nos atletas (83 ± 21 vs 65 ± 15 g/m²; p < 0,05), assim como o GRS (24,7 ± 5.2 vs 16.3 ± 7.2; p = 0.007). Não houve diferença significativa para os demais parâmetros como GCS (-26 ± 2 vs -28 ± 6), GLS (-16 ± 2 vs -17 ± 3), twist (3.1 ± 1.3 vs 3.7 ± 1.9), torção (2.0 ± 0.8 vs 1.4 ± 0.4) e área tracking (37 ± 4 vs 41 ± 6). Conclusão: Atletas e indivíduos não treinados apresentam parâmetros de deformação miocárdica comparáveis pelo 3DSTeco, contudo, um incremento do GRS foi observado apenas nos atletas. O 3DSTeco poderia auxiliar na detecção precoce de alterações cardíacas subclínicas em atletas


Introduction: Echocardiography is fundamental in the distinction between physiological adaptations promoted by physical activity and pathological abnormalities. Three-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (3D-STE) could prove accurate in detecting subclinical abnormalities in cardiac function. Objectives: To determine the effect of exercise on the parameters of myocardial strain in athletes through 3D STE. Method: Elite boxers underwent conventional three-dimensional echocardiography (3D-echo) and 3D-STE to analyze left ventricular (LV) volumes, left ventricular mass indexed to body surface area (LVMIBSA), ejection fraction (EF), longitudinal global strain (LGS), circumferential global strain (CGS), radial global strain (RGS), twist, torsion and tracking area. These data were compared with measurements performed on untrained control individuals. Results: The analyses included 16 athletes and 14 controls with similar age (23 ± 4 vs. 21 ± 4 years; p = NS) and gender (14 vs. 12 males). LVEF was normal and similar in the 2 groups. LVMIBSA was higher in the athletes (83 ± 21 vs. 65 ± 15 g/m², p < 0.05), as well as RGS (24.7 ± 5.2 vs. 16.3 ± 7.2; p = 0.007). There was no significant difference for the other parameters, such as CGS (-26 ± 2 vs. -28 ± 6), LGS (-16 ± 2 vs. -17 ± 3), twist (3.1 ± 1.3 vs. 3.7 ± 1.9), torsion (2.0 ± 0.8 vs. 1.4 ± 0.4) and tracking area (37 ± 4 vs. 41 ± 6). Conclusion: Athletes and untrained individuals have comparable myocardial strain parameters on 3D-STE. However, an increase in RGS was observed only in the athletes. 3D-STE could help in the early detection of subclinical cardiac issues in athletes


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Athletes , Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional/methods , Heart/diagnostic imaging , Reference Standards/analysis , Cardiomyopathies/diagnosis , Cardiovascular Diseases/diagnosis , Cross-Sectional Studies , Diagnostic Imaging/methods , Echocardiography/methods , Exercise , Risk Factors , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Ventricular Function, Left
19.
Rev. Soc. Cardiol. Estado de Säo Paulo ; 27(1): 54-62, jan.-mar. 2017. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-836988

ABSTRACT

A Cardiologia vem enfrentando uma série de mudanças na abordagem das cardiopatias estruturais na última década. Com o avanço do tratamento por meio da Cardiologia Intervencionista, novos paradigmas têm sido estabelecidos, sobretudo com criação de comitês médicos para ampla discussão dos casos ­ os Times de Cardiologia ou "Heart Teams". Pacientes muito idosos, frágeis e com comorbidades que tornam a cirurgia convencional proibitiva ou de risco muito alto, passaram a ter novas opções além da otimização do tratamento clínico. A ecocardiografia, outrora focada no diagnóstico, tem cada vez mais participado e mesmo atuado de forma ativa nos procedimentos intervencionistas, o que fez surgir uma nova subespecialidade ­ a Ecocardiografia Intervencionista. Importante desde o momento do diagnóstico e do planejamento da intervenção, a ecocardiografia tem papel de destaque durante o procedimento, possibilitando a visualização dos cateteres e dispositivos de forma simultânea às imagens angiográficas, comprovação imediata do resultado e identificação de eventual complicação. Seu uso é praticamente imperativo em situações de implante de endoprótese valvar aórtica, fechamento de comunicação interatrial ou forame oval e oclusão de apêndice atrial esquerdo. Com a evolução tecnológica dos equipamentos e advento da tecnologia tridimensional, tem sido possível visualizar as estruturas cardíacas de forma antes impossível e muito semelhante à visão do cirurgião cardíaco e, com isso, guiar fechamento de "leaks" periprotéticos e reparos na valva mitral


In the last decade, cardiologists have faced a series of changes in the approach to structural cardiopathies. With the advances in treatment through Interventional Cardiology, new paradigms have been established, such as the creation of medical committees for wider discussion of cases, known as "Heart Teams". Very elderly or frail patients, or those with comorbidities that make conventional surgery prohibitive or high risk, now have new alternatives, as well as optimized clinical treatment. Echocardiography, which was previously focused on diagnosis, now plays a major, and even active role in interventional procedures. This has led to the emergence of a new subspecialty ­ Interventional Echocardiography. From the moment of diagnosis and planning of the intervention, echocardiography plays an important role during the procedure, enabling simultaneous visualization of catheters and devices, and angiographic images, immediate identification of the result, and the detection of any complications. Its use is practically mandatory in aortic valve endoprosthesis implantation, interatrial septal defect or foramen ovale closure, and left atrial appendage occlusion procedures. With the technological evolution of the equipment and the advent of three-dimensional technology, it has become possible to visualize the heart structures in a way that was previously impossible, giving a view that is very similar to that of the heart surgeon, guiding periprosthetic leaks and mitral valve repairs


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Diagnostic Imaging/methods , Echocardiography/methods , Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional/methods , Heart Defects, Congenital/epidemiology , Aortic Valve/surgery , Prostheses and Implants , Bioprosthesis , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Stents , Morbidity , Catheters , Heart Atria , Mitral Valve/surgery , Mitral Valve Insufficiency/surgery , Mitral Valve Insufficiency/physiopathology
20.
Rev. Soc. Cardiol. Estado de Säo Paulo ; 27(1): 26-32, jan.-mar. 2017. ilus, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-836942

ABSTRACT

A regurgitação mitral (RM) é a doença valvar mais prevalente nos Estados Unidos e sua prevalência aumenta a cada ano devido ao envelhecimento populacional. Independentemente da etiologia, a RM sintomática grave cursa com prognóstico desfavorável. O procedimento cirúrgico ainda é o tratamento padrão para essa patologia; porém, como vários pacientes não são submetidos à cirurgia devido ao alto risco, o tratamento percutâneo com MitraClip surgiu como opção viável. A segurança, eficácia e durabilidade do reparo valvar percutâneo com MitraClip já foram demonstradas em estudos randomizados e, com isso, sua indicação vem-se expandindo


Mitral regurgitation (MR) is the most prevalent valve disease in the United States and its prevalence is increasing every year due to population aging. Regardless of the etiology, severe symptomatic MR presents with an unfavorable prognosis. The surgical procedure is still the standard treatment for this pathology, however, various patients do not receive this treatment because of a high surgical risk, and percutaneous treatment with MitraClip has emerged as a viable option. The safety, efficacy, and durability of percutaneous valve repair with the MitraClip have already been demonstrated in randomized trials, and as a result, its indication has been expanding


Subject(s)
Humans , Patients , Prostheses and Implants/trends , Mitral Valve/surgery , Mitral Valve Insufficiency/complications , Mitral Valve Insufficiency/therapy , Prognosis , Surgical Procedures, Operative/methods , Prevalence , Multicenter Studies as Topic/methods , Echocardiography, Transesophageal/methods , Heart Ventricles/physiopathology
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